Free writing journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Free composing diary - Essay Example It is an ordinary thing as we are comparable or unique in relation to one another. Yet, it is difficult to comprehend and acknowledge that the enormous hole between the privileged and the lower class has negative outcomes. It expands segregation. It expands a negative acknowledgment of things, which would constrain the aptitudes and abilities of people. Who might need to try sincerely when you realize that regardless of the amount you work, you will consistently be at the base finish of the scale? Sylvia may represent the social obstruction existing inside the general public. Be that as it may, a solitary individual or group’s exertion isn't sufficient. There ought to be a huge social development to make changes in the general public. Isn’t it tragic to see that the privileged approaches things that lower class don't have? Training, medication, relaxation. These are things that the high society have more access to than lower class. Since they have the cash, they can go to class without expecting to skip classes practically regular, or halting tutoring for a year or two to set something aside for your training. Since they have the cash, they can look for clinical assistance at whatever point they’re not feeling admirably, regardless of whether it is only a basic cerebral pain. They likewise have more opportunity to unwind, and they can even end up in a good place, since they have the methods. Those in the lower class have less intends to have instruction, l ess access to clinical assistance and next to no an ideal opportunity for recreation. Why? Since they don’t have the cash, and they need to continue working just to support their day by day

Implications of an Intelligence Success or Failure Assignment

Ramifications of an Intelligence Success or Failure - Assignment Example On the off chance that we pass by the world of fond memories, we find recognizable achievement of USA. Not many of them are end of Cold War time, Soviet breakdown, Gulf War, ousted disliked systems in Iraq, Egypt and Libya, focusing on and netting most needed fear based oppressor of the world including Osama Bin Laden other than finding Lockerbie shooters from Libyan domain (Zegart, 2005). Mediation of American CIA in Chile The job of American Intelligence Agencies from intercession to toppled of unfriendly governments are not escaped any one. Americans don't bargain at the expense of American intrigue, be it Chile or some other nation of the globe. How the Chilean individuals overlooked the American intercession in their nation during the Presidency of Mr. Passage. The intercession came in the period of September 1974, clearly to keep unblemished opportunity of print and electronic media other than assurance of equitable privileges of the ideological groups to the greatest advantage of the American and the Chilean individuals (Senate select knowledge, 1976). Later on, the Senate board of trustees legitimized the refered to coordinate activity of the American Intelligence Agency in which a chosen legislature of Marxist President Salvador was toppled. The interruption of CIA endured over 10 years in Chile, costing around USD 13million to the exchequer of USA (Senate select insight, 1976). Effect of Success of Intelligence Agencies of USA The accomplishment of knowledge offices of USA in various pieces of the world makes the United States of America a pinnacle intensity of the World. Political maltreatment of American FBI The authentic viewpoint of political maltreatment of FBI is multidimensional. The first is the compliance of President and its partners, prepared... Ramifications of an Intelligence Success or Failure Its data identifies with foe would be of incredible assistance to find the foe and to choose which strategies and weapons when appropriately utilizes, would be instrumental in winning war against the adversary in a particular territory (Richelson, 1995). The knowledge office shoulders three sorts of insight task. As an initial step, it is to accumulate material data for appraisal. The subsequent advance is to look at the enemy’s capacities, loathsome plans against the nation. As needs be take measures to react inward and outside dangers. The third step of this procedure requires creation and dissemination. On the premise of assembled data and examination, the refered to office empowers to form completed insight reports for the scrutiny of military and regular citizen incumbents.â The essential obligation of a knowledge official is to settle on choice and to make a move in like manner. Insight officials need to work intimately with the approach producers and military to tak e care of business in a successful manner (Richelson, 1995). Conversation Success of USA Intelligence Soon after the Second World War, the then President of USA Mr. Truman explicitly centered around Defense and Intelligence Agencies to improve its capacities to battle with the expanding danger of Communism and the endurance of free progress (Senate select insight, 1976). The achievement and disappointments of American Intelligence Agencies are completely clear. Their most recent move to discover Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan demonstrated fruitful. This has embraced the efficiencies of its government operative offices.

Tips On Writing A Dissertation

Tips On Writing A DissertationThe thesis is the final part of the composition of a thesis, and it is the portion of a dissertation that is based upon a study of an entire topic. The thesis must contain supporting information as well as a definition of what the paper is to be about, but is never supposed to be anything more than the end result of one's research.In fact, many thesis evaluations may not even be considered until after the composition is completed. Because of this, it is a good idea to write your thesis first and ensure that you are satisfied with what you have already written. If there are things that you do not agree with, do not hesitate to go back and revise them before sending it out.A formal composition consists of a preamble and an introduction to the thesis topic. There should be enough information included to make the reader curious enough to read on. This means that the research and definitions must also be complete. After that, one should choose whether to incl ude references or not.The references will be used as a reference for the thesis if it is successful, which means they must be able to stand on their own and give the reader enough of the key points of the paper. Then, the paper must be organized into chapters, and be clear enough in the research that one can go back and review all the sections that were included in the composition. This may mean trying to add a glossary onus to the dissertation.There should be nothing in the thesis that would make a reader think that the research was biased. It should simply be considered as the conclusions and related references. Using such terminology as 'hypothesis' is not good practice, as it does not provide enough room for controversy in case a researcher finds his or her opinions challenged by others in the field.In addition, each chapter should be titled and given a date asper the journal. After that, one should put in the material he or she wants to be on the paper. One can expect a good fo ur years to have the dissertation approved by the university, provided it follows all the rules.In order to do this, one should always see to it that the thesis editing is handled professionally. The graduate editor should check that the thesis is fully proofread and that any citations are not removed for either the introduction or conclusion. If not, the graduate editor should immediately have it corrected and should use his or her common sense when the thesis seems odd.If the thesis has already been approved by the university, the new editor should write a letter to the original author telling him or her to take care of the mistake. Afterward, one should make a long list of all the major changes that need to be made. One can also get help from other editors, but getting a second opinion is sometimes required to do the job right.

Building A Customer Focused Business Essay - 1574 Words

Building a Customer-Focused Business: Information Systems Amazon uses to Improve Customer Focus Basic Overview of Topic To begin, customer focus refers to â€Å"the orientation of an organization toward serving its clients’ needs† (Business Dictionary). Organizations who chose to implement customer focus are contributing to their overall success simply by ensuring customer satisfaction is top priority. â€Å"For many companies, the chief business value of becoming a customer-focused business lies in its ability to help keep customers loyal, anticipate their future needs, respond to customer concerns, and provide top-quality customer service† (Marakas O’Brien, 2013, p. 57). Building a customer-focused business requires effort from all members in the organization from the CEO to the customer service representative working directly with the customers, and more importantly it requires the distribution of key processes. Craig Cochran author of the book, Becoming a Customer Focused Organization, recognizes the most beneficial, key processes, organizations must take to establ ish a customer-focused orientation. These key processes include management systems, innovation, training, leadership and culture, customer perceptions, and complaint resolutions (Cochran, 2006, p. 3). Through implementing these concepts on a daily basis organizations can successfully achieve a customer focus orientation. A business that has successfully implemented Cochran’s key concepts and is a trueShow MoreRelatedBuild-a-Bear Case Study1036 Words   |  5 Pagesmore effectively than competitors do† (Kotler, 2011), best describes the Build-A-Bear Workshop because they are focused on the needs of their customers and by creating and building relationships with their customer base. 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IPTs are broken down into four tiers that are integrated but independent with a customer support leader, production program leader, design engineering leader, and value stream leaderRead MoreGe Imagination Breakthrough1042 Words   |  5 Pagespeople, more engineers, and more product designers. * Commercial Excellence – Shifting focus from GE’s internal processes to external customer requirements. * Growth Strategy – Build new businesses based on high-growth and high-margin areas that will provide â€Å"unstoppable† opportunities and expand GE’s base. * It was long term growth strategy of building internal capacities. * Governing new technology and enter into market where is least competition. * Instead of going for acquisitionRead MoreThe Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument901 Words   |  4 Pagesfelt. My organization has a relaxed dress code, which is considered a normal value for our organization. The office is in our family home, which provides a warm and welcoming atmosphere. We have several special dinners each year to celebrate our business. Outsiders would easily recognize these artifacts, and therefore these artifacts are a part of the work culture of my organization. Level two of Schein’s Three-Layer Organization Model is adopted values, or unconscious and unspoken behaviors thatRead MoreGe Imagination Breakthrough1036 Words   |  5 Pagespeople, more engineers, and more product designers. * Commercial Excellence – Shifting focus from GE’s internal processes to external customer requirements. * Growth Strategy – Build new businesses based on high-growth and high-margin areas that will provide â€Å"unstoppable† opportunities and expand GE’s base. * It was long term growth strategy of building internal capacities. * Governing new technology and enter into market where is least competition. * Instead of going for acquisitionRead MoreLean Canvas : A Business Plan1466 Words   |  6 Pagesproject you are going to get off the ground. 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In the past, companies mistakenly thought that corporate social responsibility was corporate philanthropy but because of forums like the soul of the next economy, awareness about the real meaning of corporate social responsibilityRead MoreDevelopment Of House Venture By New Company Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesand the focused on sort of business. Indeed, even about the venture arrangement and execution calendar to attain to deciding objective. Moreover, in this report we will expand on by what system and what time will the exercises in this Project Initiation Document be put into viable. It will focus when a real choice is being used about the undertaking and utilized at the finish of the task to quantify whether the venture was overseen effectively and conveyed a worthy result for the customer or clients

Consumer Behaviour Analysis in Hong Kong - 5609 Words

CONSUMER DEMAND AN ECONOMETRIC IN HONG KONG ANALYSIS 1 E. R. LIM * Introduction The objectives of consumer demand analysis are first, to isolate a few major variables from the many and complex factors influencing consumer behaviour, and second, to verify empirically that this relatively small number of parameters gives a reasonable explanation of a wide range of observations on consumer behaviour. The quantitative knowledge thus obtained is necessary for the study of economic development and for the formulation of economic policy. In addition they are a necessary input to the evolution of consumer theory. The data for the present study come from the household expenditure survey conducted by the Hong Kong Department of Commerce†¦show more content†¦It is also important to note that what we are measuring here is the long-run If the $200 household were to double its income overnight, its relationship. consumption behaviour might well be completely different from the household which has been receiving $400 income for a long period of time. Our estimates, therefore, concern the long-run adjustment of consumption behaviour to income change. For these reasons, the consumption-income relationship based on cross sectional data may well be very different from the relationship based on time-series data, which probably include a relatively larger element short-run adjustment. 1 The term â€Å"income† a later section. is used in the broad sense and the exact definition will be dealt with in 28 HONG KONG ECONOMIC PAPERS Reported Income vs. Total Expenditure Since we are attempting to measure the long-run relationship between the major items of consumption and income, it is particularly important as to what measure of income we are using. There are many reasons to suspect that actual income is not a proper explanatory variable for consumption. The main reason is that it usually contains a large transitory component which is irrelevant to the consumption decision, particularly if the interest is on the long-run relationship. While it is generally agreed that actual income is not a good explanatory variable, there is little agreement as what should replace it. The permanent incomeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Marketing News Story1036 Words   |  5 PagesAn article published on 18 May 2012 on Financial Time, ‘Facebook shares already a marketing incentive’, was talking about one Hong Kong-based brokerage company –‘8 Securities’ making use of the hype surrounding of Fa cebook’s initial public offering, to create values to customers. It also described how this promising company expanded its brand awareness with zero-sum of advertising investment by giving out US$200 of Facebook shares to customers who opened an account with them. 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Based on the analysis, we have observed that the industry environment is changing, from Oligopoly to a more competitive environment (oligopoly still exists but at a lesser effect), gradually even after the evolution of  ¡Ã‚ °hub and spoke ¡Ã‚ ± because of deregulation. In theRead MoreCirque Du Soleil1660 Words   |  7 PagesCirque du Soleil Q1. How would you assess the attractiveness of the circus industry in early 1980s? What would you conclude from industry analysis? The Circus has been an extremely popular form of entertainment during the 20th century. The circus creates an image of drifters and dreamers in the mind. In the 20th century the emphasis on spectacle continued on 3 ring formats. The following factors played a major role in the attractiveness of the circus industry:- * Animal acts provided an added

I Have Learned Through Teaching - 1477 Words

One of the many things that I have learned through teaching young people is that time goes by a lot faster. In reflecting from my field teaching lessons, I realized that there were many things that I was pleased with, but I also realized that there were many things I know I need to work on. Watching a video of you teach a class is the absolute best way to self-evaluate yourself. We are most critical of ourselves when we can see our work played back to us. This experience has not only been helpful in my teaching methods, but it has helped me to establish a more professional and authoritative essence in the classroom. Before students had even seen the writing assignment, students picked up a half sheet of paper when they walked through the†¦show more content†¦When I began the lesson plan on verbals I had students write freely about a significant incident in their lives in which you were taught a meaningful lesson. Students had complete freedom to write on a topic that had hap pened to them, or someone they knew. When students are given the opportunity to write about their lives, that is when we empower students with their own words. The students were able to choose what incident they wanted to write about from their lived experiences. After my minilesson on verbals I wanted students to incorporate these into their own writing to add action and precise details about their significant incident. During this lesson plan I wanted to keep in mind the one ELL student at field placement. I had gotten to know her very well through interviewing her, and knew from previous conversations that she really struggled to understand grammar. When students were working individually on their writing assignment, I made sure to visit this one student in particular to be sure that she understood the concept fully. This student works very hard, and I know she is doing twice the amount of work as every other student due to the language barrier. Through giving this student extra time to process the new information I was able to then check for understanding when students were working independently. This

Color-Blind Society free essay sample

The color of a person’s skin has played a vital role in determining the legal and social status of certain individuals and groups throughout American history. Slavery within the United States developed as a racial institution in which the darkness of a person’s skin defined their status as a bonded person and the distinction between black and white facilitated the establishment of the social control necessary to maintain the effectiveness of this mode of economic production. When blacks and white started getting together during the Slave Era it resulted in creation of biracial babies, and these interracial groups were components of a racial hierarchy based upon skin color. The status of a free black man at this time was above a slave but below interracial groups, thus reflecting the color-based status differentiations that informed the social structure of antebellum American society. Throughout history, even though it is said that everyone has equal rights, it has never really been that way. Everyone whose skin is not white is classified in a lower social class and negative things are automatically thought about people and groups of other races. The negative thoughts about racial groups or people of different skin colors are not changing; instead they are being passed down with every new generation to keep the thought of whites being the superior race. Today, except for members of a white supremacist organization, most whites in the United States claim to not be â€Å"racist.† They claim they â€Å"don’t see color, just people† Although discrimination is still with us, it is not the central factor determining minorities’ life chances anymore. Most whites insist that the minorities (especially blacks) are responsible for whatever â€Å"race problems† there are in the country. They say blacks â€Å"play the race card† too much, and believe if everyone would stop thinking about the past, work hard, and complain less about discrimination, then all the races in America could get along. Even though whites may really believe racism doesn’t exist anymore, racial considerations crowd everything. Blacks and dark-skinned minorities are way behind whites in pretty much every aspect of social life; they are about three times more likely to be poor than whites, earn about 40 percent less than whites, and have about a tenth of the net worth that whites have. Black and other minority students receive an inferior education compared to white students. Property values in primarily black neighborhoods and much lower that the property values in a primarily white neighborhoods. Races, other than white, usually get rude and/or disrespectful treatment in stores, in restaurants, and in many other places. They also pay higher amounts for goods such as cars and houses. Most importantly, blacks and dark-skinned Latinos are always targets of racial profiling by the police. There have been many incidences where police have shot and killed innocent people because of their skin color; many innocent men and women have been placed in prison or jail because the judge looks at the color of their skin instead of listening to all the fact. There have also been many cases where a white person gets off on a crime that if a black person was even suspected of committing would put them away for life, like for instance the Trayvon Martin case. Color-blind racism is the dominant racial ideology as the mechanisms and practices to keep minorities down have ch anged. The new racial inequality is reproduced through new racism practices that are subtle, institutional, and according to whites nonracial. Today racial practices operate in a â€Å"now you see it, now you don’t† format. For example, residential segregation, which is about as high now as it was in the past, is no longer done through extremely discriminating practices. Instead now, they aren’t showing available housing in certain areas, steering different minorities and whites into different neighborhoods, pitching higher rent or prices to nonwhites, or not advertising units at all are the tactics used today to maintain separate communities. In the economic field, they use â€Å"smiling face† discrimination. They will say something like â€Å"there aren’t any jobs available now, but check back later† or â€Å"we will call you.† They advertise job openings in mostly white networks and ethnic newspapers, and steering highly educated people of color into the lower jobs or jobs with limited opportunities to grow to keep minorities in the secondary position. The idea of color-blind racism softy picks on minorities instead of using racial slurs; instead of saying God made you a different color to serve whites, it says you aren’t as far as whites because you don’t work hard enough. Interracial marriages aren’t just plain wrong anymore, instead they are problematic because of concerns for the safety of the children, location, and the extra burden it places on couples. This new ideology has become the political tool as to maintenance of the racial order. It aids the white privilege, without naming who it rewards and who hurts. Hidden behind color-blindness whites can express resentment toward minorities; criticize their morals, values, and work ethic; and can even claim to be victims of reverse racism. Since way back to when America was first founded, the white people have thought every other race was living wrong or that they needed white people to show them the correct way to be. By showing them â€Å"how they are supposed to be,† the whites classified them as lower citizens, lower than animals. Even though today everyone has equal rights, that is nowhere near the case. Blacks and other minorities are constantly thought of as second class citizens to whites. They are always given lower paying jobs, steered toward particular neighborhood to be kept out of white ones, and even receive an inferior education. It is being taught in each new generation that the whites are above everyone else, by parents teaching their kids what they were taught. Interracial relationships are seen as a problem relationship that puts the child in danger. White people may not say it but they don’t want any minorities to get on the same level, they wouldn’t know how to handle life if that happened. Racism isn’t as bad as it used to be, but for people to try and say it doesn’t exist is completely bogus. So no, the emphasis on color-blind society is not an answer to racism, it’s just another version of racism.

The Ideal Relationship

Jfk Assassinaton Essays - Kennedy Family, Free Essays, Term Papers

Jfk Assassinaton Essays - Kennedy Family, Free Essays, Term Papers Jfk Assassinaton J.F.K. Assassination If Lee Harvey Oswald killed J.F.K. and it wasnt a conspiracy, then why is the government still withholding reports done on the assassination from the publics eyes, in the FBIs possession? President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 on November 22. He was elected president in 1961. First he was a senator. Then he went straight from Capitol Hill to the White House. Robert Kennedy was attorney general and was J. F. K.'s brother. He was head of the investigation of the assassination after Kennedy was killed (3: 1-5). Both Robert and J. F. K. knew that people wanted to kill them. J. F. K. didnt worry about it. But after John F. Kennedy was killed, his brother Robert Kennedy ordered that the casket was to be kept closed to public viewing. Robert thought it would have been him to get killed first, not his brother (5: 83). Robert encouraged his brother to sign three anti-crime bills. The bills targeted organized crime. They were used to stop gambling or at least crack down on it (7: NP). But even with the bills, the FBI director, Hoover, was afraid to go after the mob before the assassination because he thought his agents would become corrupt, and because Castro knew about the conspiracy against him. Hoover even told his agents that if the Mafia caught them, they would be fired and would be treated as a renegade (5: 84). The government didnt approve of the crack down on the mob that was in America. Teddy Kennedy loved busting the Mafia. People like Jimmy Hoffa. Even Frank Sinatra became close friends with Teddy, even made trips to the White House (3: 12-18). But just like his brother John, Robert was also killed (3: 105). After the assassination Robert carried on the bills and got killed also (3: 105). In 1962 Cuba was known to have missiles from the Soviet Union in Cuba. They thought Cuba or the Soviet Union would make a nuclear strike. Accused of helping the soviet union wage war on the U.S., enemies and suspects were made (7: NP). Neither the FBI nor the CIA approved of getting into the Vietnam War. They didnt approve of any of the presidents decisions (3: 105). There were three shots, even a possible four. Some people think that the last shot was one from an agents gun going off into J.F.K.s head after reacting to the shots (5: 84-85). The first shot missed. The second shot hit J.F.K.s shoulder, back, and throat; and Connallys shoulder, wrist, and leg (5: 84-85). But how could one bullet travel with that much force to go through all of that flesh? The third shot was fatal to Kennedy but was very far away, very accurate, and deadly efficient (5: 99). Even the FBIs best couldnt shot with Oswalds gun that accurately (5: 84-85). The gun was tested by the FBI and was found to be off centered. Many people coming from the grassy knoll heard the possible fourth shot. Someone was also seen running away from the knoll and was seen lingering there before the shots rang out. Whoever it was seemed to look like a FBI agent. The three shots that rang out on that very famous day can not be done in that same amount of time or with that accuracy even today ( 5: 84-85). Oswald was a very simple person with many mental problems. He mail ordered the gun that he supposedly shot Kennedy with. It only cost 21 dollars and was bought under a bogus name (5: 90). And after buying the gun Oswald had his wife take a picture of him holding the gun up by his side (3: 1-3). Why would Oswald take a picture of himself and the gun if he was planning to kill the President? You cant expect a very good shot to come from a mail order gun for 21 dollars and with a mental case handling it. During the middle of the cold war Oswald ran to Russia and came home disillusioned. Oswald tried to get citizenship in Moscow and when they refused him he cut his wrists (5: 71). And soon after Oswald met with Valery

Amusing Ourselves to Death and You Just Dont Understand Essay

Amusing Ourselves to Death and You Just Dont Understand - Essay Example Part one deals with how the American media developed through the ages, with an emphasis on the printed word at first, and then the arrival of the telegraph and radio. These topics are discussed first, in a chronological order, to create a context and fill in the background. Part two looks at modern media, with an emphasis on show business, film and especially television. The structure offers two main arguments: how things have developed first of all, and then what this means for the modern world. Deborah Tannen’s You Just Don’t Understand is not arranged chronologically, but rather takes a range of different topics on the subject of men’s language and women’s language and deals with them one by one. It starts very generally, with a description of how women and men are socialized in separate spaces, and develop different techniques. The key phrase â€Å"Asymmetry† is introduced (chapter 2) and defined as the gap between the sexes. In the middle chapters more specific topics such as interruptions, and gossip are discussed, and then last chapter (chapter 10) revisits the idea of asymmetry and the author describes what to do about this mis-match, namely to open up lines of communication that both men and women can understand. An afterword written ten years after the first publication reports how successful the book was, and answers some questions which readers and critics have raised. The thematic structure suggests that the subject is being tr eated as a collection of observations rather than a single line of argument. It allows the author to range freely over many details. Question 2 Postman relies on the earlier ideas of media and culture scholar Marshall McLuhan and notes that â€Å"the clearest way to see through a culture is to attend to its tools for conversation.† (Postman: 1985, p. 8) From this basic observation he moves to a close examination of American discourse, looking at cultural phenomena like Las Vegas, with its focus on high risk and materialism, and the medium of television which offers unintelligent and repetitive material to keep citizens quietly consuming its hidden messages. A key issue for Postman is that dictatorship need not be obvious and violent, like a fascist regime which dominates people’s lives with physical deprivation and misery. A dictatorship can be subtle and deceptive, and television is just such a force. It is not just the message that the media offer, nor even just the medium of presentation that is important, but also the far reaching implications of both of these things together as they impact upon passive viewers. The argument is very convincing because it sums up the commercialization and â€Å"dumbing down† of television in the 1980s and 1990s and points out a number of dangers which most people have not been aware of. Deborah Tannen’s book makes many statements about the different ways that men and women use language, and explains that this is often at the root of difficulties which couples have in their relationship. Her argument is based on the discipline of linguistics, and she uses linguistic terminology in quite a technical way, explaining how these features work, and what they imply about male and female gender behaviors. A big feature of the book is its insistence that male and female styles are both equally valid: â€Å"Throughout this book, and throughout my work, I take a no-fault approach† (Tannen, 2001, p. 30 1) This is a laudable aim, but unfortunately the book does not always stick to it, and there is more than a touch of pro-feminist argumentation, for example in chapter on â€Å"dominance and control,† which refers to other research but without clear indication of sources. There is a lot

Child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Child abuse - Essay Example Taking a moment to know and understand some of these causes will help us to find ways of preventing child abuse. Some children have been found that they were abused by parents who had unexpected pregnancies and therefore resulted to unwanted children who end up being neglected and develop a very poor relationship with their biological mother or both parents. The parents who also physically beat their spouses are known to extend the same frustrations on their children. People who take drugs like alcoholic drinks and cigarettes or cocaine also have a tendency in abusing children. Other factors are unemployment and financial difficulties which are associated with increased rates of child abuse (Check, 1989). In a 2009 CBS News report, it was realized that child abuse in the US had become greater during the economic depression. An example was given of a father who was not a sole breadwinner . But when the father was in that role, the situation changed. In this discussion, I will talk about two factors, these two factors are; Alcoholic parents and Parents experience of violence. The problem is drinker parents and parent’s history of abusing by their family members are the most important reasons that lead parents to abuse their children. It is very important to prevent violence toward children. How do we prevent this issue? We have to stop and limit this concern by knowing the exact problem in terms of the effects it has on the children and then by addressing the solution. According to the studies from World Bank and World Health organization, â€Å"alcohol-related death and its impact is bad. The dangerous effects of alcohol use on health and the likelihood of becoming an addict have been recognized as dangerous issues of great concern for a long time (www.searo.who.int). Parents who drink alcohol or any other substances that cause them to get drunk will often abuse their children if the level of their drinking is too much. Drinking

Mechanical Barriers to Communication

Mechanical Barriers to Communication Any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person information about that persons needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional; it may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or non-linguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes. Organisations cannot operate without communication. Communication can take various forms but all forms involve the transfer of information from one party to the other. In order for the transfer of information to qualify as communication, the recipient must understand the meaning of the information transferred to them. If the recipient does not understand the meaning of the information conveyed to them, communication has not taken place. Communication is the life source of organisations because organisations involve people. People cannot interact with each other without communication. In the absence of communication, everything would grind to a halt. For example; the workers in an organisation would not know the organisations objectives so they would not strive to achieve the organisations objectives. The workers in an organisation would not know what their roles and responsibilities were, so they would not be able to carry out their daily tasks and duties. The managers would not be able to train their workers reports so the workers would not possess the skills they needed to carry out their jobs. The managers would not be able to inform workers of changes The organisation would not be aware of their competitors activities On the whole people are able to communicate with each other as this is a basic human function. However successful organisations strive not only for communication but effective communication. Interpersonal Communication This is defined as communication between two or more people and involves the transfer of information (or message) from one person to the other(s). The person transferring the information is called the sender or transmitter. The people receiving the message are known as receivers. The transmitter will need to send the information in a format that the receiver(s) will understand. Converting the information into a format that the receivers will understand is known as Encoding. Messages can be encoded into a variety of formats oral, written or visual. After encoding the message is transferred via a medium called a channel, for example a letter, fax, phone call, or e-mail. After transference the information will need to be interpreted by the receiver. This process of interpretation is known as decoding. Finally the receiver will send a message back to the transmitter confirming whether the information sent has been understood. This back check is known as feedback. The communication process involves seven key elements as illustrated in the diagram below. Why you need to get your message across Effective communication is all about conveying your messages to other people clearly and unambiguously. Its also about receiving information that others are sending to you, with as little distortion as possible. Doing this involves effort from both the sender of the message and the receiver. And its a process that can be fraught with error, with messages muddled by the sender, or misinterpreted by the recipient. When this isnt detected, it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity. In fact, communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information as a result of the communication. By successfully getting your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively. When not successful, the thoughts and ideas that you actually send do not necessarily reflect what you think, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of your goals both personally and professionally. In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50,000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing managers. The survey, conducted by the University of Pittsburghs Katz Business School, points out that communication skills, including written and oral presentations, as well as an ability to work with others, are the main factor contributing to job success. In spite of the increasing importance placed on communication skills, many individuals continue to struggle, unable to communicate their thoughts and ideas effectively whether in verbal or written format. This inability makes it nearly impossible for them to compete effectively in the workplace, and stands in the way of career progression. Being able to communicate effectively is therefore essential if you want to build a successful career. To do this, you must understand what your message is, what audience you are sending it to, and how it will be perceived. You must also weigh-in the circumstances surrounding your communications, such as situational and cultural context. The Communications Process To be an effective communicator and to get your point across without misunderstanding and confusion, your goal should be to lessen the frequency of problems at each stage of this process, with clear, concise, accurate, well-planned communications. We follow the process through below: Source As the source of the message, you need to be clear about why youre communicating, and what you want to communicate. You also need to be confident that the information youre communicating is useful and accurate. Message The message is the information that you want to communicate. Encoding This is the process of transferring the information you want to communicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the other end. Your success in encoding depends partly on your ability to convey information clearly and simply, but also on your ability to anticipate and eliminate sources of confusion (for example, cultural issues, mistaken assumptions, and missing information.) A key part of this knows your audience: Failure to understand who you are communicating with will result in delivering messages that are misunderstood. Channel Messages are conveyed through channels, with verbal channels including face-to-face meetings, telephone and videoconferencing; and written channels including letters, emails, memos and reports. Different channels have different strengths and weaknesses. For example, its not particularly effective to give a long list of directions verbally, while youll quickly cause problems if you give someone negative feedback using email. Decoding Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is successful decoding (involving, for example, taking the time to read a message carefully, or listen actively to it.) Just as confusion can arise from errors in encoding, it can also arise from decoding errors. This is particularly the case if the decoder doesnt have enough knowledge to understand the message. Receiver Your message is delivered to individual members of your audience. No doubt, you have in mind the actions or reactions you hope your message will get from this audience. Keep in mind, though, that each of these individuals enters into the communication process with ideas and feelings that will undoubtedly influence their understanding of your message, and their response. To be a successful communicator, you should consider these before delivering your message, and act appropriately. Feedback Your audience will provide you with feedback, as verbal and nonverbal reactions to your communicated message. Pay close attention to this feedback, as it is the only thing that can give you confidence that your audience has understood your message. If you find that there has been a misunderstanding, at least you have the opportunity to send the message a second time. Context The situation in which your message is delivered is the context. This may include the surrounding environment or broader culture (corporate culture, international cultures, and so on). Barriers of Communication 1. Physical barriers Physical barriers in the workplace include: Marked out territories, empires and fiefdoms into which strangers are not allowed Closed office doors, barrier screens, separate areas for people of different status Large working areas or working in one unit that is physically separate from others. Research shows that one of the most important factors in building cohesive teams is proximity. As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, nearness to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one another. 2. Perceptual barriers The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently. If we didnt, we would have no need to communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place. The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts, assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities: A traveller was walking down a road when he met a man from the next town. Excuse me, he said. I am hoping to stay in the next town tonight. Can you tell me what the townspeople are like? Well, said the townsman, how did you find the people in the last town you visited? Oh, they were an irascible bunch. Kept to themselves. Took me for a fool. Over-charged me for what I got. Gave me very poor service. Well, then, said the townsman, youll find them pretty much the same  here. 3. Emotional barriers One of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful what we said to others. Mind your Ps and Qs; Dont speak until youre spoken to; Children should be seen and not heard. As a result many people hold back from communicating their thoughts and feelings to others. They feel vulnerable. While some caution may be wise in certain relationships, excessive fear of what others might think of us can stunt our development as effective communicators and our ability to form meaningful relationships. 4. Cultural barriers When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later we need to adopt the behaviour patterns of the group. These are the behaviours that the group accept as signs of belonging. The group rewards such behaviour through acts of recognition, approval and inclusion. In groups which are happy to accept you, and where you are happy to conform, there is a mutuality of interest and a high level of win-win contact. Where, however, there are barriers to your membership of a group, a high level of game-playing replaces good communication. 5. Language barriers Language that describes what we want to say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions, buzz-words and jargon. When we couch our communication in such language, it is a way of excluding others. In a global market place the greatest compliment we can pay another person is to talk in their language. One of the more chilling memories of the Cold War was the threat by the Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev saying to the Americans at the United Nations: We will bury you! This was taken to mean a threat of nuclear annihilation. However, a more accurate reading of Khruschevs words would have been: We will overtake you! meaning economic superiority. It was not just the language, but the fear and suspicion that the West had of the Soviet Union that led to the more alarmist and sinister interpretation. 6. Gender barriers There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of three, have a vocabulary twice that of boys. The reason for this lies in the wiring of a mans and womans brains. When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but in no specific area. When a woman talks, the speech is located in both hemispheres and in two specific locations. This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalised way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. It also explains why women talk for much longer than men each day. Removing Barriers at All These Stages To deliver your messages effectively, you must commit to breaking down the barriers that exist within each of these stages of the communication process. Lets begin with the message itself. If your message is too lengthy, disorganized, or contains errors, you can expect the message to be misunderstood and misinterpreted. Use of poor verbal and body language can also confuse the message. Barriers in context tend to stem from senders offering too much information too fast. When in doubt here, less is oftentimes more. It is best to be mindful of the demands on other peoples time, especially in todays ultra-busy society. Once you understand this, you need to work to understand your audiences culture, making sure you can converse and deliver your message to people of different backgrounds and cultures within your own organization, in your country and even abroad. Barrier refers to something non physical that keeps apart or prevents activity, movement so on. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Types of Barriers Physical mechanical barriers Language or Semantic barriers Socio-psychological barriers Organisational barriers Personal barriers 1- Physical Mechanical Barriers Noise It is the disruption or interference in communication process anywhere along the way. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Noise though of varying degree, disturbs or interferes with communication. Whatever that distracts the receivers attention causes communication breakdown. Noise can be physical psychological. Physical distractions or disturbances such as loud speakers, gossip etc., draw the attention of the receiver. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Psychological noise is related to mental disturbances like ego clash, pre occupied thoughts, hang over, anxiety. DISTANCE Long distances between the sender the receivers can also obstruct effective communication TIME Time refers to the reaching of message. If an important message reaches late it is sure to affect communication. INFORMATION OVERLOAD It refers to excessive transmission of information. Much more information than what the receiver can process is transmitted to him/her. The receiver can ·t understand , digest, analyze act upon information overload that is beyond mental capacity. MECHANICAL BARRIERS Outdated machines equipment may produce excessive noise leading to physical barriers in communication. Distraction like background noise, poor lighting., affect the morale of the employees also obstruct effective communication. 2- SEMANTIC OR LANGUAGE BARRIER UNCLEAR MESSAGE Lack of clarity in message makes it badly expressed. poorly chosen empty word , phrases, inadequate vocabulary, failure to clarify implications etc., are some common faults found. FAULTY TRANSLATION The message that every manager receives from his superiors, peers, subordinates must be translated into language suitable for the respective person( for whom the information is destined). SPECIALISTS LANGUAGE It is often found that technical personnel special groups tend to develop a special, peculiar technical language of their own. It hinders their communication with persons not in their specialty, because of the receivers ignorance of that type of language. 3- SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION Perceptual barriers may arise due to differences between individuals in the way they perceive, organize understand their environment. DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDE People differ with regard to attitudes opinions which often interfere with communication. If the message is consistent with our attitudes opinions we receive it favorably. INATTENTION Communication has no impact on those who are unable or unwilling to listen. If people do not pay the required degree of attention to listening understanding the messages they are supposed to receive. PREMATURE EVALUATION Some people form a judgment before receiving the complete message. Such premature evaluation prevents effective communication. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ RESISTANCE TO CHANGE when new ideas are being communicated, the listening apparatus may act as a filter in rejecting new ideas. Thus resistance to change is an important obstacle to effective communication. CULTURAL DIFFERENCE Cultural refers to values, beliefs, norms, attitudes perceptions of people of different nations or regions. Symbols, words, colors, gestures, language must be carefully selected when senders of information are dealing with people of different nations regions. 4- ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS STATUS RELATIONSHIP ONE WAY FLOW ORGANISATION STRUCTURE RULES REGULATIONS 5- PERSONAL BARRIERS ATTITUDE OF SUPERIOR- the attitude of superiors towards communication affects the flow of messages in different directions. LACK OF CONFIDENCE IN SUBORDINATES LACK OF TIME MESSAGE OVERLOAD Barriers to effective Communication (leaky bucket) At each stage in the process encoding, transference, and decoding there is the possibility of interference which may hinder the communication process. This interference is known as noise. Often a comparison is made between communication and a leaky bucket. If you use a leaky bucket to carry water, water will be lost at various points in your journey from the water tap to your destination. It is not possible to stop losing water because the bucket contains holes. The amount of water you will lose will be determined by the number of holes in the bucket, the size of the holes, the route you take to your final destination and length of time it takes you to get to your destination. There may also be other events that occur during your journey which increase the amount of water lost. Similarly when information is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver not all of the information may be received by the receiver because of holes called noise. Each of the noise may be affect the amou nt of information transferred. Just as in a leaky bucket, more holes decrease the amount of water, more noise decreases the amount of correct information received. Language issues and Cultural Differences The receiver(s) may not (fully) understand the language used by the transmitter. This may occur if the transmitters language is foreign to the receiver. There may also be language problems (that the communication process) if the message contains technical information and the receivers is not familiar with the technical terms used. Cultural differences created by an individuals background and experience affect their perception of the world. Such cultural differences may affect the interpretation (decoding) of the message sent. Environmental issues If the environment that the transmitter or receiver are in, is noisy and full of sound, the sounds may prevent the message being fully understood. Background noise is often created by colleagues or machinery. Channel issues If the channel used to transfer the information is poor it may prevent all or some of the information being transferred. Examples include a faulty fax machine, a crackling phone, handwriting that cannot be read or in the case of oral messages incorrect facial gestures. Receivers Attitude and behavior If the receiver(s) is not interested in the message (or unable to give their full attention to decoding) this may reduce the amount of information received or the accuracy of the information transmitted to them. Similarly the receiver(s) may misinterpret the message by jumping to conclusions or reading the message in a manner that suits their own interests/objectives and distort the true meaning of the message. Transmission journey i.e. steps in the message, If the message is complicated or there are lots of steps taken to transfer the message it may affect the accuracy or interpretation. Comparing with the leaky bucket if the leaky bucket has to carry water over a longer distance more water will probably lost than if the journey was shorter. Internal / Organisational Communication This is communication that takes place within (or across) an organisation. In addition to the usual face to face, telephone, fax or mail; modern organisations may use technology to communicate internally. Technology may be used for e-mails or a linked internal communication system such as the intranet which is an internet system designed solely for use by those working for the organisation. External Communications Conversely external communication is communication between the organisation and those outside the organisation. Modern organisations may design technological systems so that they can communicate with customers and undertake e-Commerce. Alternatively they communicate with other businesses through the internet or similar systems and undertake e-Business. Functions of Internal and External Communications Technology has rapidly expanded the types of internal and external communication available to organisations. The diagram illustrates the vast array of internal and external communication available. Combined together internal and external types of communications allow various sectors of the local, national and international community to interact, liaise and conduct business. Formal and Informal Communications Formal communication is defined as communication which occurs through the official organisational channels or is undertaken by an employee to do their job. For example official meetings, letters and a manager asking an employee to carry out a particular task. Conversely informal communication is that which occurs outside the recognised communication networks such as talking in the lunchroom or hallways between employees. Informal communication can be productive or negative. It has the potential to build teams, improve working relationships and generate ideas as employees are in a relaxed environment. Upward and Downward Communications Downward communication is communication created by directors and managers and passed down the hierarchy of workers in the organisation. In traditional organisations this is the preferred method of communication ie Managers decide what the systems, rules and procedures will be and then they pass these down to employees they manage and supervise. Downward Communication can increase efficiency by synchronising organisational procedures and can ensure that everybody is working towards the same overall aims and objectives. Types of downward communication include job descriptions, appraisals/evaluations, organisational policy, and organisational systems. Although there are advantages to downward communication organisations have began to encourage upward communication. This is communication which originates at the lower level of the employment hierarchy and is then communicated up through the line. Organisations encouraging upward communication believe that everybody is capable of generating thoughts and ideas which may help the organisation to progress, particularly when they are working closely in the area that the idea applies to. Upward communication may increase motivation and make employees feel valued and respected whilst enabling managers to understand how employees are feeling. Furthermore if problems occur at they are more likely to be identified earlier by those working closely in the area that they occur. Types of upward communications include suggestion schemes, feedback forums/surveys, grievance procedures and employee-manager discussions. Lateral Communication This is communication that occurs between employees on the same level in the organisation. As this can involve decision making it can create efficiency as employees do not have to wait for managerial approval. On the other hand if the manager is not kept informed or if the manager fails to set boundaries there is potential for conflict. Diagonal Communication This occurs when communication occurs between workers in a different section of the organisation and where one of the workers involved is on a higher level in the organisation. For example in a bank diagonal communication will occur when a department manager in head office converses with a cashier in a branch of the bank based on the high street. TELECOMMUNICATIONS GLOSSARY Term Definition Telecommunication Communication between parties based in different locations by using a cable, telephone, broadcast or a telegraph. Networking Linking to or more computers together so that information and facilities can be shared. Computers in the same room may be linked together or the organisation may decide to link, computers in different parts of the world together. Local Area Network (LAN) Computers linked by a network without the use of telecommunications. Often the computers linked are based in the same location, group of buildings or site. Wide Area Network (WAN)    Computers linked by a network using telecommunications. Often the computers linked are based in different locations. Teleconferencing    Through the use of telecommunication devices such as video link participants based in different locations communicating is known as teleconferencing. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Computer networks used to exchange standard business transaction documents between organisations. QUESTION 3 How might a manager use the GRAPEVINE to his or her advantage? First of all the definition of grapevine is that it is the unofficial way that communication takes place within the organization. It is neither supported nor authorized by the organization. It can also be called gossip. As we know many gossips have no factual bases at all; most of them however do. A manager can use grapevine to his or her advantage if it is an organization where people are used to get their information from these sources. And of course it would be a lie to say that most of us dont gossip, or listen to them at least occasionally, especially if it involves us. Bad information spreads a lot faster than good news, so the information gets to employees real fast. It can happen by a word of mouth, or recently more frequently by electronic means. If an organization is based on honesty, these grapevine information can be a lot more accurate than in an organization that is based on an authoritative culture. Usually there is always some truth to it however. Rumours about major lay-offs, plant closings, and the like may be filled with accurate information regarding who will be affected and when it may occur. This truth component is what a manager can use to his or her benefit. Most employees know that if there is any kind of grapevine information circling in the company, whatever its about can be true. If a manager for example wants to influence employees to work harder, or put more effort into it, he or she can simply start a new gossip, or encourage an existing one about lay-offs that might involve their department. Im not saying this is a nice way to do this, but if nothing else works, why not. This is however not the sign of the good manager, because he or she should be able to use other methods of motivation. A good leader needs to be able to exert high level of effort from his or her employees by motivating them in different ways. Another way of looking grapevine information is its usefulness in supplementing formal information channels. It provides a way for employees to communicate their imaginations and inputs to a certain issue. If management is not really doing a good job with communicating with employees about what is going on in an organization, then grapevine can satisfy these natural needs for information. Grapevine is a healthy human desire to communicate. It is the informal communication channel within the organization. Managers have to acknowledge this fact, and try to use it to their own advantage. Managers interested in creating good communication within the organization will use grapevine as a mean to improve it. The real value of grapevine should be to management is that it reveals issues that generate from those whom interested in or effected by it. Managers can also participate in grapevine. They can be filters, who monitor the information and forward to upper management only the valuable and important components. Grapevine usually pops up during times of uncertain times; therefore management has to make sure that it is providing enough information about important issues. The longer the rumour goes around, the hardest it is to control, so management had to intervene quickly if it wants to avoid its damaging effects. The fact is that grapevine is exists within organizations, and they always have a truth component to them. Management therefore can use them to their own benefits, as a compliment to the official and formal channels of information. How to use the Grapevine effectively in business organizations? Grapevine is an informal channel of business communication. It is called so because it stretches throughout the organization in all directions irrespective of the authority levels. The management can use grapevine to supplement the formal channels of communication. Though it carries some degree of error and distortion, efforts can be made to correct it. Ignoring the grapevine is nothing but to ignore a valuable source of communication. The management can eliminate its negative consequences and, at the same time, it can nourish its positive benefits. The managers have to learn to manage and control it. 1. The management can open up all the channels of organizational communication to present the facts positively before the employees and ther

Politicians and Social Order :: essays research papers

A social order. A person’s beliefs and values that allow them to make the choices that to have the type of government they want. My social order- one of an African-American, 17-year-old, low middle-class female- will differ widely from my mother’s, or Shemair’s, or even your social order. For instance, I strongly value education. So does my mother, Shemair, and I am sure you do, too. My mother might value my education because it will help her later on in life. Shemair might value my education because it means that we will be able to move out after graduation. You as my teacher, will value my education because it proves that your education was good and your life as a teacher is worthwhile. I value my education for the sake of getting knowledge. Everyone might have the same value and yet they will have different reasons for valuing it. The same is true of our political values. People might want a strong government because of the type of social order that they hold. The government maintains my personal and political social order. The government allows me to vote for people who have the same purposes as I do. Representatives who fall into my political social order are the ones who will get my vote as I get older. For instance - the issue of abortion. I am strongly against abortion for any reason at any time. When it comes time to vote for people to be a part of my state government, I am going to choose someone who believes that killing at any stage in life is immoral. This way, through elections, I will have the ability to participate in the government. I will have someone who protects individual rights, thus maintaining my social order, and keep the government holding the same ideas as me. The principle of our democratic government will allow me to express my individualism. My personal liberty will be established because the government protects our interacting values that we hold. Another value that we have is the idea of equality of opportunity. This fact is evident in the decision to have affirmative action used in places such as colleges, universities, and jobs. I believe 100% that affirmative action is good and justifiable. I will vote for someone who pushes for affirmative action in the state of Florida. My social order clearly shows that I want someone who favors post-secondary education, especially for minorities. Also, the idea of majority rule will be upheld in all of the elections that we hold. This way I can have free expression in my personal life, as well as in the political arena. Politicians and Social Order :: essays research papers A social order. A person’s beliefs and values that allow them to make the choices that to have the type of government they want. My social order- one of an African-American, 17-year-old, low middle-class female- will differ widely from my mother’s, or Shemair’s, or even your social order. For instance, I strongly value education. So does my mother, Shemair, and I am sure you do, too. My mother might value my education because it will help her later on in life. Shemair might value my education because it means that we will be able to move out after graduation. You as my teacher, will value my education because it proves that your education was good and your life as a teacher is worthwhile. I value my education for the sake of getting knowledge. Everyone might have the same value and yet they will have different reasons for valuing it. The same is true of our political values. People might want a strong government because of the type of social order that they hold. The government maintains my personal and political social order. The government allows me to vote for people who have the same purposes as I do. Representatives who fall into my political social order are the ones who will get my vote as I get older. For instance - the issue of abortion. I am strongly against abortion for any reason at any time. When it comes time to vote for people to be a part of my state government, I am going to choose someone who believes that killing at any stage in life is immoral. This way, through elections, I will have the ability to participate in the government. I will have someone who protects individual rights, thus maintaining my social order, and keep the government holding the same ideas as me. The principle of our democratic government will allow me to express my individualism. My personal liberty will be established because the government protects our interacting values that we hold. Another value that we have is the idea of equality of opportunity. This fact is evident in the decision to have affirmative action used in places such as colleges, universities, and jobs. I believe 100% that affirmative action is good and justifiable. I will vote for someone who pushes for affirmative action in the state of Florida. My social order clearly shows that I want someone who favors post-secondary education, especially for minorities. Also, the idea of majority rule will be upheld in all of the elections that we hold. This way I can have free expression in my personal life, as well as in the political arena.

Mark Walsh the protagonist in the novel “Triage” Essay

Scott Anderson’s novel â€Å"Triage deals† with war and the reminiscence of war. Mark Walsh, the protagonist in Triage is a New York based photojournalist who specialises in war photography. During the nine years Mark is in the industry, he believes that â€Å"you have to keep it separate, keep it separate, and you don’t feel a thing.† Even though within the first nine years Mark believes that he is following his own advice and â€Å"keeping it separate†, in the novel there is much evidence of when he is unable to keep it separate and ultimately every war he goes to affects him. Mark thinks that he is able to â€Å"keep it separate† but the novel demonstrates how Mark tries, but inevitably his subconscious is unable to â€Å"keep it separate†. Mark’s father is a former Marine who has also been scarred by war. He understands that war â€Å"affects you, it never stops affecting you.† At the time Mark believes that he is fine, he had looked his father in the eye and said â€Å"it doesn’t affect me.† While trying to â€Å"keep it separate†, Mark resorts to a range of protective behaviours. Joaquin refers to the camera as â€Å"a very convenient device for placing distance between oneself and one’s surroundings.† For Mark the camera acts as a shield between reality and him, he even admits â€Å"you kind of forget that what’s happening in front of you is real.† When Mark is in Harir Cave he is directly involved, â€Å"without your camera, it’s not so easy.† Talzani is referring to the fact that when you are apart of the war, when you are not just standing behind the camera shooting, when you are not separated by the camera, it is very different, and hard to deal with. When Mark has parties and get-togethers with his fellow war photographers they never talk about their experiences at war, they only talk about how the photos turn out and technical things. In some ways, not talking about it is a way for Mark to â€Å"keep it separate.† Throughout the novel, Anderson often brings up the photographers drinking. When Elena asks David at the funeral to tell her the truth about Stewart’s death, all the photographers â€Å"nervously raised the bottles to their lips and drank.†No matter how hard Mark tries to â€Å"keep it separate†, ultimately he is unable to keep his life separate from his experiences of war. Most obviously this is proved after Colin’s death in Kurdistan. Mark cannot consciously deal with the crisis, so his mind blanks out and he shows the classic symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. After each photo shoot of a war  ends, Mark goes to a â€Å"neutral place† for a few days until the â€Å"fear or tension or anger dissipated.† In needing to go to a neutral place, subconsciously Mark understands that he is unable to completely keep the war experiences separate from his life. â€Å"This time of all times he should have waited.† Mark realises that his need for minimalism serves as a means of regaining a connection with life outside the war zones; it acts as a form of personal debriefing. This time he did not go to a neutral place and he can not keeping it separate anymore. The war story from Beirut of the little boy running towards Mark makes him feel guilt. He thinks that if he wasn’t so cowardly and ducked, or if he wasn’t there, the young boy would not have been killed. This shows that Mark is unable to keep it separate, he even admits, â€Å"wouldn’t it affect anyone?† Mark reveals â€Å"the pain only when he thought he was alone.† In the novel when Mark allows â€Å"a single sob to escape from his throat†, he is unable to keep it separate anymore. In trying to â€Å"keep it separate†, Mark suffers many consequences. Colin’s death was too big a shock for Mark to deal with alone and so he turns back to how he always used to deal with war, Mark tries to keep it separate but ends up keeping everything separate, including his emotions and ultimately losing track of himself, resulting towards Mark never being able to be â€Å"the easy, confident man he had been.† After returning from Kurdistan Mark’s â€Å"heart has stayed with the dead†. Every time he sees himself in the mirror he pretends to introduce himself, â€Å"Hello, Mark Walsh†, as if he was a total stranger. At one of the dinner parties, Mark did not know how to react to things so he copied others emotions â€Å"because he wasn’t having any of his own.† Even Mark himself thinks maybe â€Å"that he had vanished back there on the hilltop.† Ironically Mark tells Elena that â€Å"people don’t just vanish†, but Elena feels that Mark â€Å"seemed to be deteriorating right before her eyes.† Even Marks father believes that â€Å"Mark died a long time ago.† Mark has been keeping it separate for too long. He didn’t know how to tell anybody about his experiences because â€Å"one story, one pain bled into the next, and they spilled out until there was nothing left to hold.† So instead Mark keeps everything bottled up inside, it went on for so long that he had â€Å"eyes of the dead†.

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay - 1933 Words

The seventh commandment of the Ten Commandments states â€Å"Thou shalt not commit adultery. (Exodus 20:14). Adultery, according to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, is â€Å"voluntary sexual intercourse between a married man and someone other than his wife or between a married woman and someone other than her husband.† Some people may think that adultery is only an occurrence in the 21st century, but it also occurred frequently in the 1600s as well. For example, in The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a novel that was set in the 17th century tells the story of Hester Prynne who was convicted of adultery with a man named Reverend Dimmesdale. Even though adultery seems to be the most important theme throughout the novel,†¦show more content†¦These literary elements help make the novel into one of the most profound written pieces of literature of its time. The author of The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne, was born into a Puritan family, as was Hester Prynne, in the city of Salem Massachusetts on July 4, 1804. Hawthorne never fully had a male head-figure in his life because at the age of four, Hawthorne’s father died in Surinam. His dad worked full-time as a ship-captain. One of Hawthorne’s fore-fathers was a judge in the Salem Witch Trials. Hawthorne shunned his family because of their involvement in the Salem Witch Trials by adding the â€Å"w† in what should have been his last name, Hathorne. Adding the â€Å"w† characterizes the relationship between Hester and the letter â€Å"A†. Hester knew that she could not run away from the past, but Hawthorne let this problem torment him for the rest of his life. Hawthorne, for the majority of his adult life, had to deal with the self-imposed guilt of shunning his own family, which he reflected in the characters of Reverend Dimmesdale, and Robert Chillin gworth. Hawthorne came across the files of Hester Prynne while working as a surveyor at the Salem Custom-House. These files triggered Hawthorne to write The Scarlet Letter. The years following the publication of The Scarlet Letter were probably the happiest years of his life. At oneShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements